The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) on Apoptosis Index and Endometrial Thickness in White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Ovariectomy Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v14i2.1286Keywords:
apoptosis index, endometrial thickness, ethanol extract of jicama (pachyrhizus erosus), menopause, ovariectomyAbstract
Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation due to the loss of ovarian follicular activity, which marks the end of a woman's reproductive function. During menopause, estrogen levels decrease, triggering oxidative stress, leading to cell death (apoptosis) and a decrease in endometrial thickness, which can lead to symptoms such as hot flushes, sleep disturbances, decreased sexual desire, and changes in the menstrual cycle. Menopause-related symptoms are considered natural and are often ignored because they are related to a woman's menstrual cycle. Menopause-related problems increase morbidity and mortality due to inadequate treatment, so interventions are needed to reduce morbidity by alleviating symptoms during menopause.
References
Ardela, Mayasari, et.al. (2024). Bengkuang as an Alternative for Hypoestrogen Problems in the Reproductive System. Journal of Nursing Practice. Vol 8 No 2 page 282-291.
Burger, H.G. (2017). A Review of Hormonal Changes During The Menopausal Transition : Focus on Findings from The Melbourne Women's Midlife Health Project, Human Reproduction Update. 13 (6): 559-565.
Doshi, B.S., Argawal. A. (2013). The Role of Oxydative Stress in Menopause, Journal of Mid-Life Health. 4 (3) : 140-147.
Elkholi, D.G.E, Nagy, H.M. (2015). Unexplained Postmenopausal Uterine Bleeding From Atrophic Endometrium : Histopathological and Hormonal Studies, Middle East Fertility Society Jurnal. 20 : 262-270.
Fernandez, M.A.M, Wiratmini, N.I, Ermayanti, N.G.A.M. (2015). Pengaruh pemberian Ekstrak Daun Ekor Naga terhadap Perkembangan Uterus Mencit (Mus musculus) Betina yang Telah Diovariektomi (Rhaphidophora pinnata, Schott), Jurnal Biology. 19 (2) 74-79.
Gaten, Charlotte, Simpson, Paul. (2024). Menopause : Physiology, Definitions, and Symptoms. Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 38 (1), 101855 genetic variation in estrogen transportation and metabolism on the severity.
Grub, Jessica., Willi, Jasmine., Suss, Hannah., Ehlert, Ulrike. (2024). The role of estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms in menopausal symptoms and estradiol levels in perimenopausal women – Findings from the Swiss Perimenopause Study. Maturitas. 183 (2024) 107942.
Guyton, A. (2018). Fisiologi Kedokteran. Edisi ke-11. Jakarta: EGC. p. 1072.
Harris, D.M. et al. (2005). Phytoestrogens induce differential estrogen receptor alpha-or beta-mediated responses in transfected breast cancer cells. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 930(8), pp.558-568. doi:10.1177/1535370905923000807.
Jang, Hoon, Jin, Bae.W., Jin. Kim.S., Mo, Yuk.S.,Han, S.D.,Ha, Syn.U.,Hwang, S.Y.,Yoon, S.H.,Wang, .Z.,Kim,S.W. (2013). The Effect of Anthocyanin on the Prostate in an Andropause Animal Model : Rapid Prostatic Cell Death by Apoptosis is Partially Prevented by Anthocyanin Supplementation, World J Mens Health. 31(3) : 239-246.
Kapoor, Ekta.,Faubion Stephanie.,Kuhle, Carol.,M.Kling, Juliana.,Miller.
Laili, Nur., D., H., Nofianti, Tita, Saputra, A. (2015). Estrogenic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Eggplant Purple Fruit (Solanum melongena L.) on Wistar Strain of Female White Rat (Rattus novergicus), Proceeding of The 1st University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto - Pharmacy International Conference. p. 101-107.
Leblanc. (2003). Opposite Regulation of XIAP and Smac/Diablo in the Rat Endometrium in Response to 17βEstradiol at Estrus, Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 1:59.
Lukitaningsih, E., Bahi, M., Holzgrabe, U. (2013). Tyrosinase Inhibition Type of Isolated Compo unds Obtained from Pachyrhizus erosus. Ac eh Int. J. Sci. Technol. 2 (3) : 98-102.
Lukitaningsih, E. (2012). Phytosterol in Bengkoang. Pharmacon.13(2):p 47-54. Menopause symptoms: A study from the RIGHT 10K cohort. Maturitas. 176 (107797).
Messina, M., Messina, V.L. and Chan, P., (2015). Soyfoods, hyperuricemia and gout: a review of the epidemiologic and clinical data. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 20(3), pp.347–358.
Mor, G. et al. (2011). The role of the Fas/Fas ligand system in estrogen-induced thymic alteration. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 46(4), 298–307.
Morán, J. et al., (2013). 17β-Estradiol and genistein acute treatments improve some cerebral cortex homeostasis aspects deteriorated by aging in female rats. Experimental gerontology, 48(4), pp.414-421.
Mumford, S.L. et al., (2016). Serum uric acid in relation to endogenous reproductive hormones during the menstrual cycle: findings from the BioCycle study. Human reproduction, 28(7), pp.1853–1862.
Nurhayati, N., Sudirman, S., & Hamang, S. H. (2023). Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA): Long-Term Effects on Menstrual Cycle Disorders. Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 93-98.
Primiani, C.N. (2015). The Phytoestrogenic Potential of Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) on Ovarian and Uterine Tissue Structure of Premenopausal Mice. Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry, 1(1 ), pp.5-9.
Primiani, C.N., (2018). Fitoestrogen Umbi Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus): Sebuah Kajian Hasil Penelitian dalam Perspektif Holistik.
Rahman K. Studies on free radicals, antioxidants, and co-factors. (2007). Clin Interv Aging.;2:219-36.
Rodriquez, M.A.S., Flores, M.Z., Rosales, A.A.R., Munoz, E.C., Nunez, V.M.M. (2012). Menopause as Risk Factor for Oxydative Stress, The North American Menopause Society. 19 (3): 361-367.
Sato., T., Yukazawa, Y., Kojima, H., Ohta., Y., Iguchi, T. (2013). Multiple Mechanisms are Involved in Apoptotic Cell Death in The Mouse Uterus and Vagina After Ovariectomy, Reproductive Toxicology. 17(289-297).
Scofield, D., Moseholm, E., Aebi Pop, K. Hachfeld, A., (2024). Management of menopause in women living with HIV – A comparative guideline review. Maturitas. 183 (2024) 107937.
Semenova, N., Madaeva, I., Kolesnikova L., (2019). Association oxidative stress with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in menopausal women. Maturitas. 124 (2019) 151–189.
Song., J., Rutherford, T., Naftolin, F., Brown, S., Mor., G. (2002). Hormonal Regulation of Apoptosis and The Fas and Fas Ligand System in Human Endometrial Cells, Molecular Human Reproduction. 5:447-455.
Tai, Yu, Ting Yang Szu, Wang Peng Hui. (2023). Ultrasonography for Menopausal Woman. Tawainese Journal of Obstetric and Gynecology, 62 (6) pp.797-798.
Wang, D. et al., (2011). Puerarin suppresses invasion and vascularization of endometriosis tissue stimulated by 17β-estradiol. PLoS ONE, 6(9), pp.1–6.
